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10-Jun-2025
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Arch Hellen Med, 42(4), July-August 2025, 475-480 ORIGINAL PAPER Association between hop tests and selfreported knee function in patients after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction S.A. Xergia,1 E. Tsepis,1 A.D. Georgoulis,2 C. Tsarbou,1 N.I. Liveris,1 E. Pappas3 |
OBJECTIVE To assess the asymmetries of the single, triple and crossover hop tests as predictors of function using International Knee Documentation Committee 2000 Subjective Knee Form (IKDC 2000) in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructed patients 6–9 months after reconstruction.
METHOD Twenty-four men (mean age 26.4±9.16 SD) at six to nine months (7.0±2.55 SD) after ACL reconstruction completed the single, triple and crossover hop tests and the IKDC 2000 form. Side-to-side asymmetries between the reconstructed and intact lower extremities were calculated for each test. After assessing for multicollinearity, a backwards multiple regression test was used with IKDC as the outcome variable and the side-to-side asymmetry of each hop test as predictors with cut-offs for entering the regression model at 0.05 and for removal at 0.15.
RESULTS Multicollinearity did not pose a serious threat to the validity of the final model. All three hop tests were retained in the final model (adjusted R2=0.33, p=0.012). Using a more conservative model, where variables were removed at the 0.10 level resulted in a model that included only the single leg hop test that was the most predictive of IKDC (adjusted R2=0.25, p=0.008).
CONCLUSIONS Asymmetries in the single, triple and crossover hop tests can predict knee function six-nine months after ACL reconstruction. Asymmetries in the single hop test are a strong predictor of self-reported knee function accounting for a quarter of the variance which increases to a third of the variance when all three hop tests are included.
Key words: Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, Hop tests, IKDC, Knee function.
