Last update:
11-Nov-2026

Adapting to life with an intestinal or urinary stoma is a dynamic and often painful process, during which individuals are called upon to manage both the practical requirements of stoma care and the internal conflicts, fears, and emotional fluctuations that inevitably arise. Depression and anxiety are common in adults living with a stoma. Anxiety may manifest in various forms, ranging from diffuse, generalized worry to acute panic attacks and specific fears. Life with a stoma is often accompanied by emotional distress, encompassing a cluster of painful feelings such as shame, embarrassment, guilt, anger, irritability, and frustration. A central aspect of the disturbance in self-perception after stoma creation is the alteration of body image. Even if the individual does not directly experience discriminatory treatment, the perception that their condition is stigmatized in society may lead to the internalization of this stigma. Challenges in the workplace can be diverse, ranging from practical issues to interpersonal relationships and the risk of job loss. A significant change within the family or intimate relationship may involve shift in roles. The person with a stoma may adopt or be assigned the role of the "patient", while the partner or other family members may assume the role of the "caregiver". Addressing the impact of the stoma on sexuality requires a multidimensional approach, and it is important to provide information and education both to the individual and to their partner regarding possible solutions.

Key words: Intestinal stoma, Psychosocial effects, Self-perception, Stigma, Urinary stoma.